Abrams law |
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A rule stating that with given concrete materials
and conditions of test the ratio of the amount of
water to the amount of the cement in the mixture
determines the strength of the concrete, provided
the mixture is of a workable consistency. (See also
Watercement ratio).
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Abrasion |
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Wearing away by friction.
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Abrasion resistance |
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Ability of a surface to resist being worn away by
rubbing and friction.
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Absorbed moisture |
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Moisture that has entered a solid material by
absorption and has physical properties not
ubstantially different from ordinary water at the
same temperature and pressure. (See also
Absorption.)
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Absorption |
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The relationship of the weight of the water absorbed
by a ceramic specimen subjected to prescribed
immersion procedure, to the weight of the dry
/specimen, expressed in percent. (ASTM C 242).
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Accelerator |
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A substance which, when added to concrete, mortar,
or grout, increases the rate of hydration of the
hydraulic cement, shortens the time of setting, or
increases the rate of hardening of strength
development, or both. (See also Acceleration.)
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Accelerators |
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Materials used to speed up the setting of mortar.
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Accessories (Tile Accessories) |
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Ceramic or non-ceramic articles, affixed to or
inserted in tile work, as exemplified by towel bars,
paper, soap and tumbler holders, /grab bars and the
like.
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Acid |
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A chemical substance usually corrosive to common
metals (iron, ,aluminum, zinc) and which, in water
solution, imparts an acid, sour or tart taste. Acids
are generally divided into two classes: (a) strong
mineral or inorganic acids such as sulfamic,
sulfuric, phosphoric, hydrochloric or nitric, (b)
weak organic or natural acids such as acetic
(vinegar), citric (citrus fruit juices), oxalic
,,and fatty acids (oleic, palmitic, stearic, etc.)
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Acid and alkali-resistant grout |
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A grout that resists -/Acidity. effect of prolonged
contact with acids and alkalis.
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Acidity |
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A general term applying to substances on the acid
side of neutral - principally the degree of acidity.
acrylic. A general class of resinous polymers
derived from esters, amides or other acrylic acid
derivatives.
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Acrylic plastics |
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Plastics based on resins made by the polymerization
of acrylic monomers, such as ethyl acrylate and
methacrylate.
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Additive |
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A term frequently (but improperly) used as a synonym
for addition or admixture.
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Adhesion |
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The state in which two surfaces are held together by
interfacial forces which may consist of valence
forces or interlocking action, or both. (See also
Adhesion, mechanical and Adhesion, specific.)
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Adhesion mechanical |
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Adhesion between surfaces in which the adhesive
holds the parts together by interlocking action.
(See also Adhesion, specific.)
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ADhesion, specific |
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Adhesion between surfaces which are held together by
valence forces of the same type as those which give
rise to cohesion. (See also Adhesion, mechanical.)
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Adhesive |
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A substance capable of holding materials together by
surface attachment. Note: Adhesive is the general
term and includes among other cement, glue, mucilage
and paste. All of these terms are loosely used
interchangeably. Various descriptive adjectives are
applied to the term adhesive to indicate certain
characeristics as follows: (a) Physical form,. that
is liquid adhesive, tape adhesive, (b) Chemical
type, that is, silicate adhesive, resin adhesive,
(c) Materials bonded, that is, paper adhesive,
metal-plastic adhesive, can label adhesive, (d)
Conditions of use, that is, hot-setting adhesive.
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Adhesive ceramic |
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Used for bonding tile to a surface. Rubber solvents;
and rubber and resin-based emulsions can be used as
adhesives.
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Adhesive tile |
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Organic adhesive used for bonding tile to a surface.
Rubber solvents and resin-based and rubber emulsions
can be used as adhesives. (TCA)
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Adhesive, pressure-sensitive |
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An adhesive made so as to adhere to a surface at
room temperature by briefly applied pressure alone.
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Adhesive, solvent |
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An adhesive having a volatile organic liquid as a
vehicle. Note: This term excludes water based
adhesives.
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Admixture |
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A material other than water, aggregates, and
hydraulic cement, used as an ingredient of concrete
or mortar, and added to the concrete immediately
before or during its mixing.
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Adobe |
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Unburnt brick dried in the sun.
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Aggregate |
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Granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed
stone, and iron blast-furnace slag, used with a
cementing medium to form a hydraulic-cement,
concrete or mortar. (See also Aggregate, heavyweight
and Aggregate, lightweight.)
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Aggregate,heavyweight |
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Aggregate, of high specific gravity such as barite,
magnetite, limonite, ilmenite, iron or steel used to
produce heavy concrete. Aggregate, lightweight.
Aggregate, of low specific gravity, such as expanded
or sintered clay, shale, slate, diatomaceous shale,
perlite, vermiculite, or slag; natural pumice,
scoria, volcanic cinders, tuff, and diatomite;
sintered fly ash or industrial cinders; used to
produce lightweight concrete.
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Air, entrained |
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See Entrained air.
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Air-entraining |
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The capability of a material or process to develop a
system of minute bubbles of air in cement, mortar,
or concrete during mixing.
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Air-entrainment |
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The occlusion of air in the form of minute bubbles
(generally smaller than lmm) during the mixing of
concrete or mortar. (See also Air entraining and
Entrained air.)
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Air-slack |
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A condition where soft-body clay, after absorbing
moisture and being exposed to the atmosphere, will
spall a piece of clay and/or glaze.
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Alkali |
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A chemical substance which effectively neutralizes
acid material so as to form neutral salts. A base.
The opposite of acid. Examples are ammonia and
caustic soda.
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Alumina porcelain |
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A vitreous ceramic whiteware for technical
application in which alumina (A1203) is the
essential crystalline phase. (ASTM C 242).
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Alumina whiteware |
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Any ceramic whiteware in which alumina (A1203) is
the essential crystalline phase. (ASTM C 242).
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Andalusite |
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A polymorph, along with sellimanite and kyanite, of
composition A1203 Si02. On firing, it disociates to
yield principally mullite. (ASTM C 21)
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Anglar |
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Masonry composed of squared stones; one patem of
masonry construction.
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Angle curing |
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Steam curing of concrete products, sand-lime brick,
asbestos-cement products, hydrous calcium silicate
insulation products, or cement in an autoclave at
maximum ambient temperatures generally between
340-420 F (176-215 C).
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Angle divider |
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The angle divider is used by the tilesetter to
determine the degree of an angle to cut. It is used
for fitting trim, moldings, and floors into corners.
A corner angle is measured by adjusting the divider
to fit the corner.
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Autoclave |
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A pressure vessel in which an environment of steam
at high pressure may be produced; used in the curing
of concrete products and in the testing of ydraulic
cement.
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