Back wall |
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The wall facing an observer who is standing at the
entrance to a room, shower, or tub shower. Backing.
Any material used as a base over which a finished
material is to be installed.
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Backing off |
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See Featheredging tile. Angle tile. See under Tile,
mounted.
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Balanced cuts |
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Cuts of tile at the perimeter of an area that will
not take full tiles. The cuts on opposite sides of
such an area shall be the same size. Also the same
sized cuts on each side of a miter.
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Ball clay |
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A secondary clay, commonly characterized by the
presence of organic matter, high plasticity high dry
strength, long vitrification range, and a light
color when fired. (ASTM C 242).
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Ball milling |
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A method of grinding and mixture material, with or
without liquid, in a rotating cylinder or conical
mill partially filled with grinding media such as
balls or pebbles. (ASTM C 242).
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Bar support |
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A rigid device used to support or hold reinforcing
bars in proper position to prevent displacement
before or during concrete placement.
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Basalt ware |
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A black unglazed vitreous ceramic ware having the
appearance of basalt rock. (ASTM C 242). Base. One
or more rows of tile installed above the floor. See
Cove.
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Basis for acceptance |
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The method of determining whether a lot of ceramic
tile is acceptable under these specifications.
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Batch mixer |
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A machine which mixes batches of concrete or mortar
in contrast to a continuous mixer.
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Batch plant |
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An operating installation of equipment including
batchers and mixers as required for batching or for
batching and mixing concrete materials; also called
mixing plant when equipment is included.
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Beating block |
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A wooden block used to embed tiles in a flat plane.
The method used is called beating in.
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Belleek china |
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A highly translucent whiteware composed of a body
containing a significant amount of frit and normally
having a luster glaze. (Produced commercially at
Belleek, Ireland.) (ASTM C 242).
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Bench mark |
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Permanent reference point or mark.
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Bentonite |
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A clay composed principally of minerals of the
montmorillonoid group, charactersized by high
absorption and very large volume change with wetting
or drying.
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Beryllium oxide (berylla) (BeO) |
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An inorganic material of exceptionally high thermal
conductivity which is toxic in the powder form.
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Biscuit chips |
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Glazed-over chips on the edge or corner of the body
of a tile.
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Biscuit cracks |
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Any fractures in the body of a tile visible both on
face and back.
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Bisque fire |
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See Fire, bisque.
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Blaine fineness |
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The fineness of powdered materials such as cement
and pozzolans, expressed as surface area usually in
square centimeters per gram, determined by the
Blaine apparatus.
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Bleb |
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A small blister or bubble.
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Bleeding |
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The autogenous flow of mixing water within, or its
emergence from newly placed concrete or mortar;
caused by the settlement of the solid materials
within the mass; also called water gain.
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Blend |
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To mix or make homogeneous.
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Blistering |
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The development during firing of enclosed or broken
macroscopic vesicles or bubbles in a body, or in a
glaze or other coating. (ASTM C 242).
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Block angle |
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A square of tile specially made for changing
direction of the trim.
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Bloom |
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A visible exudation or efflorescence on the surface.
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Blots |
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Green marks or stains on the face of a tile.
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Blunging |
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The wet process of blending, or suspending ceramic
material in liquid by agitation. (ASTM C 242). The
structural portion of a ceramic article. This term
also refers to the material or mixture from which
the article is made. (ASTM C 242).
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Bond |
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The adherence of one material to another. Effective
bonds must be achieved between the mortar and
scratch coat, between the tile and mortar, and
between the adhesive and backing.
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Bond breaker |
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A material used to prevent adhesion of newly placed
concrete and the substrate.
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Bond coat |
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A material used between the back of the tile and the
prepared surface. Suitable bond coats include pure
portland cement, Dry-Set portland cement mortar,
latex-type portland cement mortar, organic adhesive,
and the like.
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Bonding agent |
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A substance applied to a suitable substrate to
create a bond between it and a succeeding layer as
between a subsurface and a terrazzo topping or a
succeeding plaster application.
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Bone ash |
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Calcined bone consisting essentially of calcium
phosphate. (ASTM C 242).
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Bone china |
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A translucent china made from a ceramic whiteware
body composition containing a minimum of 25 percent
bone ash. (ASTM C 242).
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Brick trowel |
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The brick trowel is larger than the buttering
trowel. The most popular size used by tilesetters is
5" wide and 11" long. It is used when any
preparatory brick work has to be done. Some
tilesetters use it for quarry and terra cotta
tilework. Its greater surface and weight are
advantageous in the buttering and tapping in of the
larger tiles.
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Bridge |
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A straightedge used as a starting line for the
laying of tile. The straightedge can be blocked up
to support tile over an opening.
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Bridge deck |
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The slab or other structure forming the travel
surface of a bridge.
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Bright glaze |
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colorless or colored ceramic glaze having high
gloss. (ASTM C 242).
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Broom finish |
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The surface texture obtained by stroking a broom
over freshly placed concrete. (See also Brushed
surface.)
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Brown coat |
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The second coat in three-coat plaster application.
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Brushed surface |
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A sandy texture obtained by brushing the surface of
freshly placed or slightly hardened concrete with a
stiff brush for architectural effect or, in
pavements, to increase skid resistance. (See also
Broom finish.)
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Building official |
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The official charged with administration and
enforcement of the applicable building code, or his
duly authorized representative.
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Bulking |
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Increase in the bulk volume of a quantity of sand in
a moist condition over the volume of the same
quantity dry or completely inundated.
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Bulking curve |
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Graph of change in volume of a quantity of sand due
to change in moisture content.
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Bulking factor |
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Ratio of the volume of moist sand to the volume of
the sand when dry.
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Bull float |
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A tool comprising a large, flat, rectangular piece
of wood, aluminum, or magnesium usually 8 in. (20
cm) wide and 42 to 60 in. (100 to 150 cm) long, and
a handle 4 to 16 ft. (1 to 5 cm) in length used to
smooth unformed surfaces of freshly placed concrete.
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Bullnose |
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A trim tile with a convex radius on one edge. This
tile is used for finishing the top of a wainscot or
for turning an outside corner.
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Bullnose corner |
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A type of bullnose trim with a convex radius on two
adjacent edges.
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Bundled bars |
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A group of not more than four parallel reinforcing
bars in contact with each other, usually tied
together.
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Burlap |
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A coarse fabric of jute, hemp, or less commonly,
flax, for use as a water-retaining covering in
curing concrete surfaces; also called Hessian.
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Bushhammer |
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A hammer that has a rectangular head with serrated
or jagged faces. The bushhammer is used for roughing
concrete to provide a bond for masonry. Butterfly. A
slang term for inside corner angles for trim shapes
such as AB 106, AF 105, AF 200, AK 106, and AU 106.
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Butt joint |
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A plain square joint between two members.
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Buttering |
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The spreading of a bond coat (followed by a mortar
coat, a thin-setting bed mortar, or an organc
adhesive) to the backs of ceramic tile just before
the tile is placed.
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Buttering trowel |
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The blade of the buttering trowel is 41/2' wide and
7" long. It is used in buttering pure cement to
tile, a method commonly used in the eastern states.
The trowel is more efficient than the pointer for
working on the larger and heavier tiles because more
weight can be placed on it.
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Buttonback Tile |
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Tile that have projections on the bondable side.
Many of, these projections are round and therefore
the term buttonback. Some projections are quite
thick and can also be other shapes, such as square.
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