Sag |
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A term used when a wall surface has developed a
slide.
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Salamander |
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A portable source of heat, customarily oilburning,
used 'to heat an enclosure around or over newly
placed concrete to prevent the concrete from
freezing.
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Salt glaze |
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A glaze produced by the reaction, at elevated
temperature, between the ceramic body surface and
salt fumes produced in the kiln atmosphere. (ASTM C
242).
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Sampling |
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The method of obtaining tile for testing from an
agreed-upon lot.
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Sand holes |
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Tiny pits in the surface of the tile. Sandblast. A
system of cutting or abrading a surface such as
concrete by a stream of sand ejected from a nozzle
at high speed by compressed air; often used for
cleanup of horizontal construction joints or for
exposure of aggregate in architectural concrete.
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Sandblasting |
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A method of scarifying the surface of concrete or
masonry to provide a bondable surface. Compressed
air is used to propel a stream of wet or dry sand
onto the surface.
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Sander-grinder (Cutting tool) |
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In addition to sander and grinder attachment both
uninstalled and installed tile. The cutting is done
dry.
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Saw cut |
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A cut in hardened concrete utilizing diamond or
silicone-carbide blades or discs.
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Sawed joint |
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A joint cut in hardened concrete, generally not to
the full depth of the member, by means of special
equipment.
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Scaffolding |
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A temporary structure for the support of deck forms,
cartways, or workmen, or a combination of these such
as an elevated platform for supporting workmen,
tools, and materials; adjustable metal scaffolding
is frequently adapted for shoring in concrete work.
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Scarifies |
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A piece of thin sheet metal with teeth or serrations
cut in the edge. It is used to roughen fresh mortar
surfaces to achieve a good bond for the tile. A
scarifies also can be used to roughen the surface of
concrete. (TCA)
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Scarred faces |
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Surface blemishes caused by scraping or other
marring of the tile.
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Scratch |
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A mixture of portland cement, sand, and water.
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Scratch coat |
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The first coat of plaster or stucco applied to a
surface in three-coat work; usually cross-raked or
scratched to form a mechanical key with the brown
coat.
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Scratched |
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Tiles that have surface scratches (usually glazed
wall tile) caused from sand, tools or rough
handling.
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Scratches |
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Any serrated or sharply tined object that is tised
to roughen the surface of one coat of mortar to
provide a mechanical key for the next coat. See also
Scarifies.
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Scratching |
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The application of a scratch coat and its combing
with a scratches.
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Screed |
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To strike off mortar laying above the desired plane
or shape.
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Screed guide |
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Firmly established grade strips or side forms for
unformed concrete which will guide the strikeoff in
producing the desired plane or shape.
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Sculptured tile |
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Tile with a decorative design of )nigh and low areas
molded into the finished fare. ((:TI)
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Sealant |
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An elastomeric material that is used to fill and
seal the expansion joint. This material prevents the
passage of moisture and allows horizontal and
lateral movement at the expansion joint.
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Sealing compound |
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See joint sealant.
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Second grade ceramic tile |
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Ceramic tile with appearance defects not affecting
wearing or sanitary qualities.
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Secondary clay (sedimentary clay) |
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A clay which lilts been geologically transported
from its place of formation. (ASTM C 242).
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Self-furring |
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Metal lath or welded wire fabric formed in the
manufacturing process to include means by which the
material is held away from the supporting surface,
thus creating a space for "keying" of the insulating
concrete, plaster, or stucco.
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Self-spacing tile |
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Tile with lugs, spacers, or protuberances on the
sides. These devices automatically space the tile
for the grout joints. (SS-T-308b)
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Semi-mat glaze |
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A colorless or colored glaze having moderate gloss.
(ASTM C 242).
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Semi-porcelain |
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A trade term designating semivitreous dinnerware.
(ASTM C 242).
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Semi-vitreous |
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Less than -3 percent to 7 percent water absorption.
The condition reached by a cement paste, mortar, or
concrete when it has lost plasticity to an arbitrary
degree, usually measured in terms of resistance to
penetration or deformation; initial set refers to
first stiffening; final set refers to attainment of
significant rigidity; also, strain remaining after
removal of stress. The layer of mortar on which the
tilt is set. The final coat of mortar of) a %%-all
or ceiling; also may he called ,t setting bed. (TCA)
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Setting time |
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See Initial setting time and Final setting time.
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Shade |
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The gradation of color.
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Sharp sand |
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Coarse sand of which the particles are of angular
shape.
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Shearwall |
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A wall portion of a structural frame intended to
resist lateral forces, such as earthquake, wind, and
blast, acting in or parallel to the plane of the
wall. Shelf life. Maximum interval during which a
material may be stored and remain in a usable
condition.
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Ship and galley tile |
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A special quarry tile having an indented pattern on
the face of the the to produce an antislip effect.
(ASTM C 242).
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Shivering (peeling) |
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The splintering which occurs in fired glazes or
other ceramic coatings due to critical compressive
stress. (ASTM C 242).
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Shore A hardness |
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The reading of a material's hardness on a durometer,
the scale of which is 0-100, used on elastomers as
polyacrylic esters and natural rubber. Consists of a
pinpoint depression into the material, the material
being at least 100 mils thick. A Shore A reading of
80 equals a Shore D reading of 30.
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Shore D hardness |
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The reading of a material's hardness on a durometer
similar to the Shore A durometer, the scale oŁ which
is 0-100, used on rigid and semi-rigid materials
such as polystyrene. Consists of a pinpoint
depression into the material. Both the Shore A and
Shore D instruments are made by the Shore Instrument
Manufacturing Company, Inc., Jamaica, New York.
Shower floor waterproof membrane. Scc Waterproof
membrane.
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Shower pan |
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Terminology its(-(] in some areas for Waterproof
membrane. (CTI)
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Shower receptor |
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The floor and side walls of the shower tip to and
including the curb of the shower. (CTI) Shower
receptor liner or lining. Terminology used in some
areas for Waterproof membrane.
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Shrinkage |
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The decrease in volume, or contraction, of a
material by the escape of any volatile substance, or
by a chemical or physical change in the material.
Shrinkage crack. Crack due to restraint of
shrinkage.
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Shrinkage cracking |
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Cracking of a structure or member due to failure in
tension caused by external or internal restraints as
reduction in moisture content develops, or as
carbonation occurs, or both.
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Silica (Si02) |
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The common oxide of silicon usually found naturally
as quartz or in complex combination with other
elements as silicates. Various polymorphs and
natural occurrences of silica include cristobalite,
tridymite, cryptocrystalline chert, flint,
chalcedony, and hydrated opal.
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Skid resistance |
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A measure of the frictional characteristics of a
surface.
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Skim coat |
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See Bond coat.
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Slide |
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A fresh tile wall that has buckled or sagged. This
condition may he caused by excessive mortar,
insufficient lime in the mortar, or excessive
moisture in the scratch coat. A slide also may
result if the surface is slick or the mortar is too
soft.
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Slip (slurry) |
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A suspension of ceramic material in liquid. (ASTM C
242).
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Slip coating |
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A ceramic material or mixture other than a glaze.
applied to a ceramic body and fired to the maturity
required to develop specified characteristics. (ASTM
C 242).
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Slip glaze |
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A glaze consisting primarily of a readily fusible
clay or silt. (ASTM C 242).
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Slip process |
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See Process, wet.
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Slip-resistant tile |
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Tile having greater slip-resistant characteristics
clue to an abrasive admixture, abrasive particles in
the surface or grooves or patterns in the surface.
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Slot cut |
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Description of a tile that has been cut to fit
arormd pipes or switch boxes. This tile is usually
in the shape of the letter 11 or the letter L.
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Slump |
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A measure of consistency of freshly mixed concrete,
mortar, or stucco equal to the subsidence measured.
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Slump cone |
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A mold in the form of the lateral surface of the
frustum of a cone with a base diameter of 8 in. (203
mm), top diameter 4 in. (102 mm), and height 12 in.
(305 mm), used to fabricate a specimen of freshly
mixed concrete for the slump test; a cone 6 in. (152
mm) high is used for tests of freshly mixed mortar
and stucco.
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Slump test |
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The procedure for measuring slump.
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Slurry |
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A mixture of water and any finely divided insoluble
material, such as portland cement, slag, or clay in
suspension.
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Slush coat |
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A pure coat of 11 very soft consistency. This also
is called a slurry coat.
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Smelt (noun) |
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A specific batch or lot of frit. (verb). The act of
melting a batch of frit. (ASTM C 21). Smelter. A
furnace in which the raw materials of a frit batch
are melted. (ASTM C 21)
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Soaping tile |
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'I he method of applying a soapy film to newly tiled
.valls to protect them from paint and plaster during
construction. (TCA)
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Soffit |
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The underside of a part or member of a structure,
such as a beam, stairway, or arch.
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Soil |
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A generic term for unconsolidated natural surface
material above bedrock.
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Soldier course |
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Oblong; tile laid with the long side vertical in(]
all joints in alignment.
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Solid casting |
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See Casting, solid.
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Solids |
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The dry ingredients remaining after evaporation of
all volatile solvent or water. Not a fluid and not
flowable.
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Soluble (adj.) |
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Describes the property of a substance to dissolve in
another and form a solution, e.g., sugar is soluble
in water.
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Solution |
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The process by which a substance (solid, liquid, or
gas) is homogeneously mixed with a liquid, called
the solvent, and the mixture being incapable of
mechanical separation into its components. Alloys
and amalgams are solutions of metals in metal;
brines are solutions of a salt in water; syrups are
solutions of sugars in water. Solution should not be
confused or used interchangeably with such terms as
dispersion, suspension or emulsion.
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Solvent |
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In a solution, that substance which dissolves
another is called the solvent. Solvent is also a
common term for many liquids which are commonly used
in making solutions, e.g., organic solvents,
petroleum solvents, etc. Also used for thinning down
a fluid, and for cleaning purposes.
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Spacers |
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T-shaped and Y-shaped, they are used in installation
to separate tile on walls and floors. They are
manufactured in various thicknesses from 1/16" to
1/2'.
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Spacing; mix |
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A dry or dampened mixture of one part Portland
cement and one part extra-fine sand. This mix is
used as a filler in the joints of mounted ceramic
mosaic tiles to keep them evenly spaced during
installation.
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Spall |
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A fragment, usually in the shape of a flake,
detached from a larger mass by a blow, by the action
of weather, by pressure, or by expansion within the
larger mass.
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Spandrel |
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That part of a wall between the head of a window and
the soil of the window above it.
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Special-purpose tile |
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A tile, either glazed or unglazed, made to meet or
to have specific physical design or appearance
characteristics such as size, thickness, shape,
color, or decoration; keys or lugs on backs or
sides, special resistance to staining, frost,
alkalies, acids, thermal shock, physical impact,
high coefficient of friction, or electrical
properties. (ASTM C 242).
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Specific gravity |
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The ratio of the weight of any volume of a mass or
substance to the weight of an equal volume of water
at a given temperature. The specific gravity of a
substance times the density of water equals the
density of the substance.
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Specific gravity |
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The ratio of the weight of any volume of a mass or
substance to the weight of an equal volume of water
at a given temperature. The specific gravity of a
substance times the density of water equals the
density of the substance.
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Specks |
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Any dark dots on the tile less than 1/sa inch in
diameter, and noticeable at a distance of more than
three feet.
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Spitout |
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A glaze defect of the pinhole type developed in the
decorating kiln, due to evolution of minute gas
bubbles from body or glaze. (ASTM C 242).
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Splash walls |
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The walls of a tile drainboard or bathtub. Split L
cut. An improper L cut that is made by splitting a
tile instead of cutting it.
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Spodumene (alpha spodumene) |
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A lithium mineral of the theoretical composition
Li20 - A1203 - 4Si02 (monoclinic crystallization)
which on heating inverts to beta spodumene, a form
having very low nil thermal expansion. (ASTM C 21)
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Spots |
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Any dark dots on the face of the tile more than 1/64
inch in diameter.
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Spread, noun |
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The quantity of adhesive per unit area applied to an
adherent, usually expressed in pounds of adhesive
per thousand square feet of area. (1) Single Spread
refers to application of adhesive to only one
adherent. (2) Double Spread refers to application of
adhesive to both adherents.
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Stability |
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The ability to remain unchanged; equilibrium,
steady, constant. Ability to restore to original
condition after being disturbed by some force.
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Stacking tile |
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A method of installation whereby glazed tiles are
placed on the wall so that they are in direct
contact with the adjacent tiles. The width of the
joints is not maintained by the use of string or
other ineans. The tiles may he set with either
straight or broken joints. (TCA)
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Staining |
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Discoloration caused by a foreign matter chemically
affecting the material itself.
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Standard grade ceramic tile |
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Highest grade of all types of ceramic tile.
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Steam curing |
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Curing of concrete or mortar in water vapor at
atmospheric or higher pressures and at temperatures
between about 100 and 420 F (40 and 215 C). (See
also Autoclave curing).
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Steatite porcelain |
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A vitreous ceramic whiteware for technical
application in which magnesium metasilicate (MgO -
SiO,) is the essential crystalline phase. (ASTM C
242).
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Steatite tale |
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Massive talc or the pulverized product. thereof
having the general formula 3 MgO - 4SiO, H2O. (ASTM
C 242).
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Steatite whiteware |
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Any ceramic whiteware in which magnesium
metasilicate (NIgO - SiO,) is the essential
crystalline phase. (ASTM C 242).
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Steel square |
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The steel square is one of the most important
tilesetting tools. The large arm of the square is 2"
wide and 24" long and is called the body or blade.
The smaller arm is at a 90-degree angle to the blade
and is 1l/.," wide and 16" long; it is called the
tongue. The point where the outside edges of the
blade and tongue join is called the heel. The
surface with the manufacturer's name is called the
face; the opposite surface is called the back.
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Stoned |
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Use of a Carborundum stone to eliminate the jagged
and flaked edges, due to cutting.
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Stoneware |
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A vitreous or semivitreous ceramic ware of fine
texture, made primarily from nonrefractory fire
clay. (ASTM C 242).
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Storage life |
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In the period of time during which a packaged
adhesive can be stored under specified temperature
conditions and remain suitable for use. Sometimes
called "shelf life".
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Story pole |
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See Layout stick.
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Straight joint |
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The usual style of laying tile where all the joints
are.in alignment.
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Straightedge |
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A straight piece of luYnber that is used to rod
mortar and to align tile.
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Stretcher |
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A masonry unit laid with its length horizontal and
parallel with the face of a wall or other masonry
member.
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Striking joints |
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A process of removing excess grout from the joints
by wiping with a sponge or cloth or scraping with a
curved instrument. (TCA)
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Structural defects |
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|
Cracks or laminations in the body of the tile which
detract from the aesthetic appearances and/or the
structural soundness of the tile installation.
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Stucco |
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|
A cement plaster used for coating exterior walls and
other exterior surfaces of buildings. (See also
Plaster.)
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Stud |
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Vertical member of appropriate size (2x4 to 4x10
in.) (50x 100 to 100x250 mm) and spacing (16 to 30
in.) (400 to 750 mm) to support sheathing of
concrete forms; also a headed steel device used to
anchor steel plates or shapes to concrete members.
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Substrate |
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The underlying support for the ceramic tile
installation.
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